Proof systems

A settlement batch's proof system determines what (if anything) a batch carries to demonstrate correctness. The RDK supports four, and ties each to a settlement paradigm through the compatibility matrix.

Proof system	Used by	What a batch carries
fraud	optimistic	No proof on submission; a fraud proof is supplied only if the batch is challenged
snark	zk	A SNARK validity proof, verified on-chain
stark	zk	A STARK validity proof, verified on-chain
none	based, sovereign	No proof

fraud (optimistic)

Optimistic batches are submitted without a proof and finalize after the challenge window. If a batch is challenged, the operator responds with an interactive fraud proof. See Lifecycles for the SUBMITTED → CHALLENGED → REJECTED path.

snark and stark (zk)

ZK batches carry a validity proof in the batch's proof field. ZK settlement requires a valid proof, and on-chain verification gates finalization — a batch only finalizes once the network's verifier accepts its proof.

import type { SubmitBatchInput } from "@qorechain/rdk";

const input: SubmitBatchInput = {
  rollupId: "my-defi-rollup",
  batchIndex: 0,
  stateRoot: "0x...",
  prevStateRoot: "0x...",
  txCount: 1,
  dataHash: "0x...",
  proof: "0x...", // the snark/stark validity proof bytes
};

The exact proof encoding is defined by the chain's on-chain verifier; align your prover's output with it. The RDK transports the proof bytes — it does not implement, describe, or second-guess the verifier.

none (based / sovereign)

Based and sovereign batches carry no proof. For based settlement, inclusion is inherited from host-chain proposers; for sovereign settlement, correctness is established by the rollup's own consensus off the Main Chain.

The compatibility matrix

The settlement paradigm fixes the allowed proof system. The RDK enforces this before any batch is submitted:

Settlement	Proof system
optimistic	fraud
zk	snark or stark
based	none
sovereign	none

A configuration that pairs, say, optimistic settlement with snark proofs is rejected by validation. Start from a preset to get a matching pair by default.